Is Neoliberalism in Crisis Today Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Is Neoliberalism in Crisis Today - Term Paper Example In the last months of the year 2008, following the financial crisis, people readily accepted that it was the demise of neoliberalism, and thus whether it was a total end of neoliberalism and would it lead to the emergence of new political and economic policies, and what form they would take were the crucial questions which require deliberate attention and time (Brand and Sekler, 2009, 5 – 8). The rise of neoliberalism came about as a result of the deep revolutionary changes in the global economy in the 1970s, it was, however, a passive and tacit revolution which strengthened the capitalist system by the means of complete transformation of the social, political and the economic system of the countries of the world from the ‘above’- which was the dominant political and social forces. The major aspect of the new concept was the liberalization of the market along with the deregulation of the political system. The system was a success initially and triumphed by encompa ssing the national economies of numerous nations across the globe. In the 1970s, the Keynesian approach in the post World War 2 era crumbled and marked the epoch of Neoliberalism (Altvater, 2009, 73). The end of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates in March 1973 and the liberalization of the financial markets under the governance of Margaret Thatcher in Great Britain was the beginning of neoliberalism. The decisions regarding the formation of the critical prices, such as the exchange rates around the world, and the interest rates charged on borrowing and saving, and therefore the regulatory policies were no longer regulated or officially controlled. Instead, these decisions were left at the disposal of the private sector, such as multinational banks, speculative investment and other funds and also the transnational corporations. The wave of privatization of the public services and goods began, and the newly formed private sectors set off to create financial innovations, forming new instruments to increase gains.  

Background check Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Background check - Essay Example When individuals hire close friends, they are reluctant to perform the background checks. The second reason is trust where white color criminals are not profiled easily as they are trusted. The last reason is financial issues where small businesses do not have adequate resources to perform the check. Therefore, these businesses opt to avoid the background check. Personally, I do not have an instance where a company failed to perform the check on an individual as my friends confirmed that they signed the waivers for background checks. This shows that the problem has significantly improved in the modern days because information to perform the check is readily available as opposed to the past. A standing policy would be an important measure to ensure that individuals do not avoid the background checks in the future. For reasonable and reliable decision making process, verification of potential employee’s background information is crucial (Muir 51). If I were in the position of hiring a high-level financial employee, I would first interview them personally and then perform an extensive background check to avoid compromising the functioning of my company as a result of vandalism, embezzlement or theft of company resources. Additionally, I would ensure that I contact all previous employers in spite of the subject individual’s experi ence or expertise. With regard to the case scenario, the first company did its duty by reporting the culprit but the second failed leading to a

Hills Like White Elephants, Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hills Like White Elephants, Ernest Hemingway Essay This story consists of two main characters who are the girl and the American man. The waitress and people in the bar are the other characters who have superficial roles in the story. In my opinion the girl is the most important character and she has salient role in this story because the operation is going to happen for her and her decision is important in this case. The man said, its not really an operation at all (Hemingway: 2) .She is a protagonist who worries a lot about the future of her relationship. For instance she asks the man whether he will be happy and things will be like the past and he will love her again, if she did it (Hemingway: 1). Consequently, She has a round character because we get a lot of information about her and there are lots of gaps to fill (Abbott: 133). She is the person who cares a lot about keeping this relationship and being loved by the man. For example it can be traced in the following sentence in the story: Then Ill do it because I dont care about me (Hemingway: 2). She is also a type, She is dependent and emotional character. Whatever she wants to do she asks the mans idea. What should we drink? or could we try it? (Hemingway: 1). She is also very emotional because we see that she changes her mind constantly not according to logical principles and she makes decision by her heart not her mind. For example she says then Ill do it because I dont care about me (Hemingway: 2). Another round character is the man who seems to be selfish in forcing the girl to do abortion because he likes his current life style. The tags on the bags show that he enjoys travelling and seeing the world and he thinks having a baby doesnt let him follow his dreams. For instance he says that is the only thing that bothers us (Hemingway: 2). He tries to persuade the girl by repeatedly saying that its perfectly simple (Hemingway: 2, 3). He seems so worried and he wants to get to the conversation about abortion so when the woman talks about the other things he just gives short responses to show that he is not interested but when he starts to convince the girl to do the abortion he talks a lot and he becomes more active in the conversation. Unlike Jig who wants to be intimate, the man doesnt care about that and only worries about the unborn baby. He can also be a type because he is dominant and he wants to control the girl by telling her what to do. Its an awfully simple operation, J ig (Hemingway: 2). He wants to force the girl to do the operation. The woman and people in the bar are flat characters because we dont get much information about them and they dont play an important role in story. As Porter Abbott mentions that in flat characters there is not any complexity and depth feeling in their behaviors (Abbott: 133). They just give us a sense of setting in which the story happens. The most visible influence that the woman has in the story is when she comes and says about the time of next trains arrival. Hemingway tries to draw the readers attention towards the theme of the story which is abstract and can be extracted from the conflict of the main characters action. The technique applied in the story is conflict regarding values, ideas, feelings and ways of seeing the world in a society. (Abbott: 55). In the dialogue between the girl and the man, I got the impression that they had an ongoing conflict with each other, the man tries to persuade the girl that having a baby will make them unhappy and bother them but the girl thinks that if they lose the baby they will lose everything and they will never get it back (Hemingway: 2). By considering this issue, the theme focuses on different views towards the different worlds of the girl and the man. Escaping of responsibility and grasping the passing pleasure are the main issues that the readers have construed from the mans behavior through the narration. The main characters of this story who have controversial debate about getting rid of t he carrying baby. The man knows baby as a major obstacle to reaching long term happiness, also he insists on the choice of abortion to make him free from the responsibility. Its just to let the air in (Hemingway: 2). the fallowing example shows that the man disagrees with the birth of the baby. On the other hand, the girl shows uncertainty about abortion. She wants to keep this baby because she thinks this issue is an element for reaching stability in her love and life. If I do it youll be happy and things will be like they were and youll be happy and things will be like they were and youll love me? (Hemingway: 2). She thinks by losing the baby she may miss the fortune for having a family that can save her from rootlessness. By figuring out the motif in the story, the technique offered by Porter Abbott was used; looking at the subjects that repeatedly said throughout the story (Abbott: 95). Regarding this definition, it can be mentioned that drinking alcohol is as a motif which is repeated through the story, by hoping to get out of trouble and changing the atmosphere of conversation. Should we have another drink? All right (Hemingway: 1). They order beer again and they drink, they feel better and change atmosphere and the man starts to take the dialogue forward. The curtain that we mentioned above as a symbol is another motif which is a subject for communication between the couple with waitress and the way of passing. He went out through the bead curtain or The woman came out through the curtains (Hemingway: 3). Two is another motif, stopping of the train for two minutes, the station was between two lines of rail, carrying two bags (Hemingway: 1, 2, 3).In other words, it refers to existence of different desires and opinions between two characters of the story which, in a way, has caused the conflict through the story. There are a number of symbols which reader can realize the theme of the story by means of these symbols. At the beginning of story the girl looks at the line of hills and said: They look like white elephants. (Hemingway: 1). Hills symbolize the problem that the couple are involved in; the white color represents the innocence of unborn baby, elephant is a symbol of the belly of a pregnant woman. When the girl looks at the hills, she hopes to find the solution; meanwhile the American man looks at the hills and doesnt find any solution. Ive never seen one (Hemingway: 1). The lines of rails is another symbol which can show two choices of the decision by the different point of view of the couple. On one hand she sees fields of grains along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. (Hemingway: 2). This part symbolizes fruitfulness and fertility and making hope in Jig by keeping the baby because after seeing this scene she says we could have all things. (Hemingway: 2). On the other hand there is lack of passion in life and everything is brown and dry by losing the baby there is no shade and no trees. (Hemingway: 1). The girl should choose an option by selecting the track of train during the limited time. When talking about forms of narration, it is important to stress out that narrator of this story is an omniscient , the direct and indirect styles are applied to the representation with shifts from direct to indirect style and, finally into the free indirect style (Porter Abbott : 71,77). The impressive feature of the story, is narrated almost by dialogue, also narrator uses quotation marks and then shifts from direct to indirect style: Ill scream, the girl said. The woman came out through the curtains (Hemingway: 3). We can observe third person narrator obviously narrates the story by means of free indirect style. In conclusion, the story posses with characters, themes, motifs and the conflict between the couple who are main characters in dialogue. As mentioned above the girl (Jig) and the American man have different types of characters. Narrator by repeating some symbols and describing the landscape of place draws attention of reader to the theme of the story. Hemingway illustrates different ways of thinking between the girl and American man on abortion; it also shows miscommunication between them. Regardless of the theme in this story the couple in the rail station should decide about their future whether leading to a new life, fertility and making family, or ending up to death and losing the opportunity in future. I suppose at the end, the girl found herself satisfied and joyous based upon the decision that they made. It brought her comfort in mind and happiness in soul as she said: I feel fine (Hemingway: 3). In my idea Hemingway has left some space in this story for the reader to think ab out different aspects of modern life in a consumer society and the conflicts that modern people experience in their lives in their ways to reach happiness.

Native American Policy :: American America History

Native American Policy In the 30 years after the Civil War, although government policy towards Native Americans intended to shift from forced separation to integration into American society, attempts to "Americanize" Indians only hastened the death of their culture and presence in the America. The intent in the policy, after the end of aggression, was to integrate Native Americans into American society. Many attempts at this were made, ranging from offering citizenship to granting lands to Indians. All of these attempts were in vain, however, because the result of this policies is much the same as would be the result of continued agression. Beginning in the 1860s and lasting until the late 1780s, government policy towards Native Americans was aggressive and expressed zero tolerance for their presence in the West. In the last 1850s, tribal leaders and Americans were briefly able to compromise on living situations and land arrangements. Noncompliance by Americans, however, resumed conflict. The beginning of what would be called the "Indian Wars" started in Minnesota in 1862. Sioux, angered by the loss of much of their land, killed 5 white Americans. What resulted was over 1,000 deaths, of white and Native Americans. From that point on, American policy was to force Indians off of their land. American troops would force Indian tribe leaders to accept treaties taking their land from them. Protests or resistance by the Indians would result in fighting. On occasion, military troops would even lash out against peaceful Indians. Their aggression became out of control. Indian policy gradually shifted from this aggressive mindset to a more peaceable and soft line policy. The Indian Wars ended in 1980 with the Battle of Wounded Knee. The battle resulted in over 200 deaths, but also, almost officially, marked a change in Indian policy. Although the change had subtly began before then, policies then became more kind. The Peace Commission created the reservation policy, although this was created 27 years before the Battle at Wounded Knee. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was the greatest of reform efforts. The Act provided the granting of landholding to individual Native Americans, replacing communal tribal holdings. Another policy, the Burke Act of 1906, allowed Indians to become citizens if they left their tribes. Citizenship was eventually granted to all Native Americans in the 1920s. Although the intentions of Indian policy shifted, the outcomes of these policies still helped to suppress Native Americans and their culture.

Courtroom Work Groups

| Courtroom Work Groups| Jaraka Ward| | University of Phoenix| 10/21/2012| | I found several responses to the question of who is included in the courtroom work group. I believe that the criminal prosecutor, defense attorney, and a judicial officer make up the most common courtroom work group. The daily interaction of this group is to make sure that rules are being followed in each individual group but also to make sure it is given in a timely manner. The courtroom work group needs to communicate in order to offer plea bargains and choose jurors.The role of the prosecutor is to protect the government or community’s best interests. This being said the prosecutor must take cases based on the facts of each case and the evidence provided. If the prosecutor did not do this and took every case under less stringent requirements it could leave many cases going to trial with a lack of evidence and lead to a waste of court room time and money for attempting a trial with no evidence to co nvince a jury. This could also lead to innocent people being convicted on no evidence simply because of a well-spoken lawyer.This being said, if the prosecutors were more stringent about the cases they took and the minimum amount of evidence was greater it may lead to criminals getting away with more crimes and never being brought to trial because of a lack of concrete evidence. The only way I see that the courtroom work group could be improved would be if all parties focused more on the justice and rules side rather than always focusing on the speedy aspect of getting things done.There will always be the criminals let go because of a lack of evidence to convince a jury as well as innocent people who will be convicted without proper concrete evidence, this is why I am a strong believer in the appeal system. I do however feel that these numbers could be reduced if we could slow the system down while still maintaining due process and a speedy trial. References Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, Eleventh Edition, by Frank Schmalleger (2012, 08). Courtroom Workgroups. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 08, 2012, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Courtroom-Workgroups-1070144. html

Common risks, threats, and vulnerabilities Essay

1. What are some common risks, threats, and vulnerabilities commonly found in the LAN-to-WAN Domain that must be mitigated through a layered security strategy? A layered security strategy will encompass Rouge protocols such as Bit mining and P2P, Unauthorized network scanning and probing, and unauthorized access to the network. 2. What is an Access Control List (ACL) and how is it useful in a layered security strategy? An ACL is a Control list which will allow or deny traffic or devices based on specifications defined in the ACL. This ACL generally is applied and configured on Firewalls. It is useful in a layered security approach because from an External standpoint it become the first line of defense when hosts attempt to connect to the network. 3. What is a Bastion Host? Provide an example of when a Bastion Host should be used and how. A â€Å"Bastion Host† is a host that is minimally configured software firewall containing only necessary software/services. These are also referred to as bare metal or â€Å"lite† and is managed to be overly secure through a minimalist approach. All traffic coming is directed to the Bastion or â€Å"screened host†. Outbound traffic is not sent through it. The most common threat to the Bastion Host is to the operating system that is not hardened with additional security applications. 4. Provide at least two examples of how the enclave requirement to place a firewall at the perimeter can be accomplished. a. Placing a firewall between two routers and another firewall before a DMZ would be the best requirement choice to use 5. What is the difference between a traditional IP Stateful Firewall and a Deep Packet Inspection Firewall? a. IP Stateful firewall inspection takes place in layer 4, when traffic attempts to traverse the firewall a requested a source port and a destination port pair become part of the session allowing the source to receive information. Stateful inspection firewalls solve the vulnerability of permitting all the high numbered ports by creating a table containing the outbound connections and their associated high numbered port(s). b. Firewalls utilizing deep packet inspection provides enhancements to Stateful firewalls’ Stateful firewall is still susceptible to attack even if the firewall is deployed and working as it should be. By adding ap plication-oriented logic into the hardware, essentially combining IDS into the firewall traffic. Deep Packet Inspection uses an Attack Object Database to store protocol anomalies and attack  traffic by grouping them by protocol and security level. 6. How would you monitor for unauthorized management access attempts to sensitive systems? Acl’s and audit logs can be leveraged to confirm which station is attempting to make the unauthorized connection. 7. Describe Group ID (Vulid): V-3057 in the Network IDS/IPS Implementation Guide provided by DISA? A management server is a centralized device that receives information from the sensors or agents 8. What is the significance of VLAN 1 traffic within a Cisco Catalyst LAN Switch? Describe the vulnerabilities associated if it traverses across unnecessary trunk. VLAN1 traffic will contain the STP or spanning tree traffic, CDP traffic, and Dynamic trunking traffic to name a few. If unnecessary traffic traverses the trunk it could cause the switch instability causing it to go down or become inoperable. 9. At what logging level should the syslog service be configured on a Cisco Router, Switch, or Firewall device? Syslogs traps should be configured at levels 0-6. Logging Level 2 10. Describe how you would implement a layered, security strategy within the LAN-to-WAN Domain to support authorized remote user access while denying access to unauthorized users at the Internet ingress/egress point. To implement a layered security strategy for remote user access, we would start with an application based login, such as a VPN -SSL authentication then pair it with LDAP on a radius or Tacacs+ service. LDAP is bound to Active directory which will leverage Role based access controls to check group permissions. 11. As defined in the Network Infrastructure Technology Overview, Version 8, Release 3, describe the 3 layers that can be found in the DISA Enclave Perimeter layered security solution for Internet ingress/egress connections (i.e., DMZ or Component Flow). 3 types of layers found in the Enclave Perimeter Component Flow include the Network layer security, Application layer security and security of the actual applications themselves. 12. Which device in the Enclave Protection Mechanism Component Flow helps mitigate risk from users violating acceptable use and unwanted websites and URL links? The Web Content Filter 13. True or False. The Enclave Protection Mechanism includes both an internal IDS and external IDS when connecting a closed network infrastructure to the public Internet. True, it is required to have external IDS as well as internal IDS. Requirements include having a firewall and IDS in between the internet facing router and the internal, â€Å"premise†, and router. 14. True or False. Securing the enclave only requires perimeter security and firewalls. False, securing the enclave includes a layered firewall approach both on the inside and outside of the network. Sensitive data can be secured from other segments of the internal network (internal) as well as Internet links (external). 1 5. What is the primary objective of this STIG as is relates to network infrastructures for DoD networks? STIG, or Security Technical Implementation Guide, is an intended guide to decrease vulnerabilities and potential of losing sensitive data. The guide focuses on network security, giving security considerations for the implemented network. The STIG also covers the level of risks and the associated acceptable levels to said risks.

Eliot, T.S. Essays - Eliot Family, T. S. Eliot, New Criticism

Eliot, T.S. Essays - Eliot Family, T. S. Eliot, New Criticism Eliot, T.S. The Life of T.S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot was born on September 26, 1888, in St.Louis Missouri, to Henry Ware and Charlotte Stearns Elliot. His father was a businessman, and his mother was a poetress. Eliot came from a financially endowed family and was allowed to attend all of the best schools. His education started at the prestigies grammar school Smith Academy in St.Louis. He then went to secondary school in Massachuets at Milton Academy, a preparatory school for Harvard. In 1906, he started his Bachelors Degree at Harvard, and within three years he graduated. He then started graduate school at Harvard to earn a Masters degree in Philosophy. In 1910 Eliot studied French Literature in Paris at Sorbonne. Then, in 1911 he went to Munich. Due to the war he was unable to travel back to the States, and was detained in London, England. Eliot had always dreamed of being out on his own. He finally had the chance. He devoted his life now to learning and writing. Eliots literary career began early in life. His first publication, A Tale of A Whale, was in an issue of The Milton Academy Record in the April issue of 1901. His second publication soon followed with Milton Academy publishing The Man Who Was King in the June issue of 1901. His first major publications arrived shortly after. His friend and trusted advisor Ezra Pound was able to persuade Eliot to publish The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock, in 1915. Pound also introduced Elliot to Vivian Haigh-Wood, who Elliot was married to three months after meeting. It is said that The Love Song.. deals with Eliots own self image. The lead character in this poem is insecure around ladies, and the story is set in an environment where flirtation is a key component(Longman). Even though Eliot did receive fame for this poem, he still struggled with financial problems. He was forced to get a job as a school teacher from 1915-1916. Eliot was still writing and now teaching, and also was having problems wi th his marriage; these factors undoubtably, led Elliot to collapsing and being sent to a sanitarium in Switzerland(Longman). He was thought to have suffered from a nervous condition, but was found out later he had alboulie. While in the sanitarium Elliot finished his finest work ever published The Wasteland. After Eliots death people drew upon the conclusion that the The Waste Land was a mirror of Eliots life (Litz, 61). After Eliots short lived career as a school teacher, he took a job in a bank in London. This career was needed to support Elliot and his wife; however, it was not stimulating enough for Elliot. To keep Eliots writing a major part of his life, he created a quarterly literary magazine in 1922 entitled The Criterion. This magazine was unique because Elliot allowed a vast array of opinions by his writers. He did not limit writers to his beliefs or views of the time period. This magazine was intended to be original and stir up ideas within people. Due to his position at the bank, Elliot wished for his name to remain anonymous as the editor of the Criterion. In a letter to a fellow co-worker, Edmund Wilson, he asked him to never reveal that he was the editor of The Criterion. Elliot feared that if it was announced that he was editor then it would jeopardize his job at the bank, and he could not afford to lose his job due to the fact he was not receiving payment for his editorship (Margolis 22). Elliot had always been far removed from any religious convictions, but in the early 1920s his work started to show some signs of religious beliefs. He was not conscience of this, but evidence was beginning to show in his work. Pound had also turned Eliot onto the works of Dante, and around 1920 he began writing critiques of Dantes work comparing it to Christianity. Eliot also wrote a critique on William Blake and talked of how Christianity was the underlying meaning of Blakes works (Margolis, 38). Eliot unknowingly was starting to unleash the beliefs that would lead to the end of The Criterion. Eliot

Epictetus and His Handbook †Philosophy Essay

Epictetus and His Handbook – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Epictetus and His Handbook Philosophy (200 Level Course) While it would be a pretty fair personal assessment to say that philosophy is not the field of study that demands my interest, nor is it the field that I would enjoy devoting a considerable amount of time to, I was quite surprised when undertaking Epictetus’ handbook. Written as an introductory work in stoic philosophy and also written as a guide as to how to live one’s life, it comes across as much less boorish than other pieces of philosophical literature that I have read and although it was written some two thousand years ago it still applies to practical everyday events. Epictetus delves into such things as how to handle relationships with loved ones, how to build character, how to deal with hardships as well as happiness and simply the best way to live one’s life and be able to be free and at peace. I personally found his twenty-first point to be quite intriguing. In it he states, Let death and exile and everything that is terrible appear before your eyes every day, especially death; and you will never have anything contemptible in your thoughts or crave anything excessively. This is a fascinating outlook on life and the experiences that one can surround themselves with and its effect on the person that they become. So as I would agree with this statement affectionately, I feel that very few people today live by this standard. And while it is unfair to judge today to the past simply because it is impossible to ever know if people followed this philosophy throughout time, we can see that today this is not a reality. Perhaps some people do see death and other terrible things and still want things that would be thought to be excessive. Others still may have not been subjected to these evils of the world and if they are or when they do they will be grateful for all that they have. Many people probably do follow this moral code and do not want things that are not essential to their survival and they do so because they know that they have been blessed with good in their lives. I personally know that I am guilty at times of contemptible thoughts and craving things in excess. And while I have not seen all of the bad that the world holds I have been subjected to some of it, including death and tragedy. Yet still I let those memories slip my mind at times and I long for things that I know I do not need. Maybe that is just human nature or the result of the world that we live in, a world in which more is good and there is a constant surge of new things and improved versions of things that we have and most likely did not need in the first place. Regardless of the reasons for the way that our society and culture behave, Epictetus was merely witness to the same types of behavior in his time and was able to predict its continuance in the future of all society. So then we ask the question, will things ever change? Will people stop one day, reflect on all that they have and realize that they are the fortunate ones and never long for more? Most likely not, but it would be an interesting question to ponder, and it seems that if in fact that was the case, this world that we call home would be changed, and changed for the better at that. Greed has been the cause of war, poverty, starvation, and others man made disasters. And greed does not have to be limited to money or merely material possessions. The need for power has been one of the most abused actions in the past century throughout the world. A world without greed could be a very beautiful thing, but I fear that I will never live to witness that, nor will any of my offspring, or their offspring. For that would be asking an awful lot out of people that have been doing the same things for thousands of thousands of years. Still I would bet that Epictetus would have loved to see it happ en and for the matter, so would I. Research Papers on Epictetus and His Handbook - Philosophy EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingTwilight of the UAWThe Spring and Autumn

Best Private Schools in Texas

Best Private Schools in Texas Looking for the best private school in Texas for your child? Check out some of these top institutions in around the Dallas/Fort Worth area of the Lone Star State. Presented in alphabetical order, this list of college prep schools has been generated by considering several key assessment factors, including student and parent reviews on multiple sites, class sizes, college graduation and placement, as well as testing scores. Please contact each school directly for the most updated information about each institution listed. Cistercian Preparatory School Founded in 1962 by monks escaping communist Hungary,  Cistercian Preparatory School  is a Catholic school for boys in grades 5-12.   349 students enrolled6:1 student teacher ratio66% of faculty hold masters degrees and 13% hold doctoral degrees24% students of color20% of families receive financial aid The Episcopal School of Dallas Educating students from different faiths, The Episcopal School of Dallas is a strong co-ed college-prep school with students in pre-school through 12th grade. 1,150 students enrolled20% students of color28% Episcopalian students52% boys 48% girls$3.5 million awarded to students for financial aid20% of students receive financial assistance7:1 student teacher ratioAverage class size of 16 Greenhill School In Addison,  Greenhill School  is an independent co-ed PK-12 school whose mission is to encourage excellence and openness in learning. 1,292 students enrolledAverage class size of 16 (Preschool is 15)44% students of color61% of faculty hold advanced degrees15% of students receive financial aidMore than $5 million in financial aid available to qualified families The Hockaday School The Hockaday School  for girls in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, and sends 100% of its graduates on to college. With a 9:1 student to teacher ratio, this school provides an educational experience that promotes success.   486 students enrolled74 boarding school students enrolled36% students of color16% of students receive financial aid Parish Episcopal School Parish Episcopal School is a pre-K through 12th co-ed school for students of all faiths. Parish graduated its first class of seniors in 2007. 1,100 students enrolled8:1 student teacher ratio in PK-K, 14:1 in grades 1 and 2, 17:1 in all other grades22% diversity23 faith backgrounds100% of graduates are accepted at four-year colleges and/or universities St. Marks School of Texas Dallas, Texas boasts a number of single-sex schools, including St. Marks School of Texas, a non-sectarian, college-preparatory independent day school for boys in grades 1-12. 865 students enrolled8:1 Student Teacher RatioAverage Class Size: 1571% of faculty with advanced degrees100% of seniors attend a 4-year college or universityAdmits 22% of applicants annually46% students of color$2,400,000 budget for financial aid awards to qualified families Trinity Valley School Trinity Valley School is a K-12, independent, coeducational, college-preparatory school that has remained committed to a broad liberal education in the arts and sciences, culminating in the knowledge, skills, and wisdom to enable our students to excel at an appropriate college or university.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   970 students enrolled10:1 student to teacher ratioApproximately 20 students per class Ursuline Academy Ursuline Academy is a Catholic college-prep high school for girls in grades 9-12. The alma mater of philanthropist Melinda French Gates (who has given millions of dollars to the school to build a state-of-the-art science, math, and technology center), Ursuline Academy is also the oldest Dallas school in continuous operation. More than 800 girls enrolled30% students of colorMore than $1.2 million in financial assistance and merit scholarship awards given26% of students receive some form of financial assistance Yavneh Academy Founded in 1993 for Jewish students of all affiliations, Yavneh Academy is a modern Orthodox high school for girls and boys. 120 students enrolled3:1 student teacher ratioAverage class size of 10Less than 10% students of color Click here for a full list of​ Private Schools in Texas Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Negative Letter (Health-Insurance) Personal Statement

Negative Letter (Health-Insurance) - Personal Statement Example Catherine's is included in a different HMO plan. Since St. Catherine is not covered by your current HMO coverage, the company will not be able to reimburse the costs from your surgery. In the future, you may switch your coverage to one of the plans that includes St. Catherine's Hospital during the next open enrollment period, but past surgeries can not be covered. If you are concerned about covering your current surgery balance, you may want to contact our local credit union since it is offering excellent rates on short-term loans. The company has referred previous debt management situations with the local credit union and patrons have reported a high success and satisfaction rate. The head of accounting and payroll, Joan Bean, is capable of assisting you with debt management. Her e-mail address is Jbean@company.net and she can assist you in choosing an option that will best fit your financial concerns. I will inform her of the situation so that she may have some options available upon your request. Each of the Company's selected HMO packages offers excellent coverage to specified locations and medical professionals. If you have any specific questions regarding your benefits package, please don't hesitate to contact me. I can provide you with another welcome packet that outlines the specific benefits and locations offered by your selected HMO provider.

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example   Engaging in CRM allows company employees, who work in various customer contact departments such as customer support, marketing and sales, to become better placed and able to make rapid and well informed decisions on every aspect of the business ranging from competitive positioning tactics to up-selling and cross-selling opportunities. According to CRM Magazine, although it was once thought to be a type of software, CRM has gradually evolved and has now become a customer-centric philosophy that most organisations are adopting and developing various policies that help it permeate throughout the various organisations. CRM is seen to encompass a set of three key elements that play an important role in the success of a well formulated CRM program. These three elements are basically technology, people and process (destinationcrm, 2010). Customers have long been considered as being the biggest asset to any business enterprise and more often than not, this definition is seen to specially apply to those customers who will continue engaging with the business and hence remain its customers in the future (Rust, Lemon and Zeithami, 2004). Customers are usually perceived as the main reason for which companies as well as business enterprises exist. The value of a given customer can be calculated so as to show the customer lifetime value. The customer lifetime value (CLV) is commonly defined as the current value of the entire. The value of a given customer can be calculated so as to show the customer lifetime.

Business Analysis of Coca Cola International company Research Paper

Business Analysis of Coca Cola International company - Research Paper Example By 1896, Coca-Cola successfully spread across the American border to Canada, Hawaii and Mexico. It is a multi-billion dollar company which is operating in more than 200 countries and offering more than 3,500 beverages. It is recognized as the world`s best known brand and has the world`s largest distribution network. Its products are the most widely known and most commonly used in the entire world. It has such a widespread network that the consumers enjoy Coca-Cola’s products at a rate of more than 300 million servings per day. It has subsidiaries and franchises in every country where it is operating. Coca-Cola is also the leading cola drink in the beverage industry throughout the world (Coca-Cola Company, n.d.). The mission of Coca-Cola is to create value for all the shareholders, customers and stakeholder by creating superior value and making profitable relations with the customers as well. Their mission is to â€Å"To refresh the world...to inspire moments of optimism and h appiness... and to create value and make a difference.† They try to refresh the world by using the advantage that they have as being the world’s largest beverage company. Coca-Cola develops high quality beverages, which itself creates value for the company and helps strengthen its image, contributing to its overall success. Their vision is to work on every aspect of their company in order to achieve sustainable growth. The primary stakeholders of Coca-Cola include employees, customers, partners, society, shareholders and the company itself. They believe that in order to be successful, they must look ahead and plan for the future, using the resources in the most efficient way. Its product, satisfied customers, excellent leadership and, most importantly, a strong brand name further contribute to the overall success of this company (â€Å"Mission, Vision & Values†, n.d.) Porter`s five forces are a set of forces formulated by Michael E. Porter who proposed that strat egies of any company are formulated based on the threat of potential entrants and substitute products, the bargaining power of both buyers and sellers prevailing in the market, as well as the level of rivalry among competitors (Daft & Lane, 2009, p. 196). The amount of capital required by any soft drink company is really high, which acts as a barrier to entry for new entrants. Also, Coca-Cola has such a strong brand name with a huge amount spent on selling and promotion. In order to maintain its market share, Coca-Cola will have to spend a huge amount on advertising to ensure that its message is being carried forward to its customers all over the world. This is also one of the ways through which this company can compete with its rival companies, especially Pepsi. Coca-Cola and Pepsi dominate the soft drink industry and therefore, Coco-Cola will have to come up with new ideas in order to compete effectively and maintain its position in the market. The pricing done by this company wil l also depend on the type of market, whether it is customer oriented or seller oriented. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: The biggest strength that Coca-Cola has is its Coke itself. It has been able to maintain its original taste for years and this is the reason why its customers are always loyal. It has the strongest brand across the globe with a brand equity of over $50 billion. The quality and taste are the major strengths of Coca-Cola and one of the reasons for its overall success. In order to main

Presidential Elections From George Washington to Rutherford Hayes Essay

Presidential Elections From George Washington to Rutherford Hayes - Essay Example John Adams (1797 – 1801) acted as the 2nd president. Adams was one of the two presidents who signed the Declaration of Independence. Adams accomplishment during his presidency was when he preserved peace between America and France from war. During Adams presidency the French were raiding American ships causing conflict between the U.S. and France. Adams sent out ministers to France to resolve the problem but the first attempt failed; this was known as the XYZ Affair. And when Adams sent out another group of ministers for the second time they were able to have an agreement and peace was preserved. He belonged to the Federalist Party. Thomas Jefferson (1801 – 1809) was the 3rd president of the U.S. One of Jefferson’s major accomplishments is that he is the author of the Declaration of Independence which symbolized the American ideal of freedom and democracy. Jefferson was also responsible for the passing of the statute of Religious Freedom in Virginia which is a landmark piece of legislation. He belonged to the Democratic – Republican Party. James Madison (1809 – 1813) was the 4th president of the U.S. Madison was the president during the War of 1812 which successfully ended and concluded by the signing of treaty in favor of the U.S. and ending any future threat from the British. He belonged to the Democratic – Republican Party. James Monroe (1817 – 1821) was the 5th president of the U.S. Monroe’s accomplishments during his presidency was the Missouri Compromise in 1820. Missouri Compromise in 1820 was an agreement that prohibits slavery in Louisiana Territory. He belonged to the Democratic – Republican Party. John Quincy Adams (1825 – 1829) was the 6th president of the U.S. His accomplishment during his presidency was that he contributed to the expansion of the Cumberland Road. It was also during his presidency that the â€Å"tariff of

The United States Patriot Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The United States Patriot Act - Term Paper Example The United States Patriot Act The law was developed to equip United States security organs with enough teeth to carry out their investigatory role and that of protection of America. The main purpose On October 26 2001, the then president of the United States of America George Washington Bush signed the USA Patriot bill into law. As consequence of this, the act aimed at strengthening the measures that were aimed at preventing, detecting, and prosecuting the money launders and those who finance terrorism. Secondly, the act was developed to subject certain foreign financial institutions to scrutiny and analyze certain transactions or some accounts are prone to criminal abuse. Finally, the Act was designed to back the development of anti-money laundering units in the country, and in other countries. In addition, the act was enacted with the objective of strengthening the processes of stopping or averting the usage of the United States financial system by unethical individuals and suspected criminals in other countries and aids the return of stolen money back. Historical perspective This act is the culmination of very many centuries of development of laws and other historical and political happenings that have shaped the domestic security situations in America. The development of this act can be traced back to 1798, when the alien and sedition Act was passed, this was developed in order to make it illegal for anybody to criticize the American president. The act gave the president immense powers to deport anybody and especially aliens whom were considered to risky to the American people and American property. At the beginning of the civil war of America, the then president of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln issued a notice to suspend the habeas corpus, this had the e ffect of providing the rioters and those who protested to be arrested and jailed without formal charges. At the height of World War 1, there were 75 foreigners believed to be German-American socialists who were denied certain mailing rights and privileges. The law also provided the security organs with the mantle to censor all forms of communication that was moving in and out of the country. After the bombing of the Pearl Harbor by the Japanese naval military, the supreme court of the United States upheld President Roosevelt executive order that led to the transfer of Japanese-Americans from the west coast, and this was in defense of the harbor bombing by the Japanese military. The patriot act: fulfilling the intended purpose The act has led to stifling of individual’s liberty, but in the face of all the terror acts and attempted terror on American soil, which issue is more fundamental, liberty or safety? The act has helped information sharing amongst different security organ s in the country, allowing greater cooperation and reducing bureaucracy. This information exchange has lead to laudable benefits in terms of operations of the different agencies tasked with collecting information and countering terrorism. This especially applied to the two federal security organs in the country, the FBI and the CIA, The act gave these two agencies more freedom and powers and in their collusion, they managed to set up strings of operations nabbing suspected terrorists and foiling their attempts and in addition, they have nabbed major money laundering rackets. Since the enactment, of the act there has not been any reported large-scale terror attack on the United States to the magnitude of the September 11 2001 attack. The critics of the Acts point towards how the Act has

Principles of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Finance - Essay Example When tax is reduced by some percentage it increases companys income by certain multiplier effect since tax is a leakage on income. When tax is reduced to 18%, the taxation will be 90.16pounds (Adams & Von, 2007). b) The assumption is subject to discussion in such a way that each of these methods has their strengths and weaknesses. Taking a case of dividend growth rate, empirical evidence shows that a company, which pays more dividends, has low growth rate. The main reason behind this is that most of its profits go to individual shareholders instead of being ploughed back to the business. This is practical evidence. However, most of the methods are theoretical and lack practicality (Halsey, R. F, 2012). Considering the case of net asset valuation, the method does not consider the future prospects of the company. In fact, these valuation methods depend on historical data, but in a business environment, different environmental factors lead to different outcomes. This is a limitation that begs the question whether the methods are practical because the business environment changes every day and cannot rely on historical data (Halsey, 2000). The book value approach in asset based method is practically unrealistic because the values of the fixed assets depend on sunk costs and relative depreciation. These values are of no relevance to any purchaser or seller (Von, et al., 2004). In considering replacement value, it is also of no practicality. This shows what it might cost to start a business, but this could be lower than the true value for successful business unless the estimation is also made for the value of goodwill and other current assets. In considering the P/E approach, it is not somehow practical. When you are buying a company it is for the entitlement of its future earnings not past earnings. This approach does not take into account turbulent economic times which make them very

The United States Patriot Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The United States Patriot Act - Term Paper Example The United States Patriot Act The law was developed to equip United States security organs with enough teeth to carry out their investigatory role and that of protection of America. The main purpose On October 26 2001, the then president of the United States of America George Washington Bush signed the USA Patriot bill into law. As consequence of this, the act aimed at strengthening the measures that were aimed at preventing, detecting, and prosecuting the money launders and those who finance terrorism. Secondly, the act was developed to subject certain foreign financial institutions to scrutiny and analyze certain transactions or some accounts are prone to criminal abuse. Finally, the Act was designed to back the development of anti-money laundering units in the country, and in other countries. In addition, the act was enacted with the objective of strengthening the processes of stopping or averting the usage of the United States financial system by unethical individuals and suspected criminals in other countries and aids the return of stolen money back. Historical perspective This act is the culmination of very many centuries of development of laws and other historical and political happenings that have shaped the domestic security situations in America. The development of this act can be traced back to 1798, when the alien and sedition Act was passed, this was developed in order to make it illegal for anybody to criticize the American president. The act gave the president immense powers to deport anybody and especially aliens whom were considered to risky to the American people and American property. At the beginning of the civil war of America, the then president of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln issued a notice to suspend the habeas corpus, this had the e ffect of providing the rioters and those who protested to be arrested and jailed without formal charges. At the height of World War 1, there were 75 foreigners believed to be German-American socialists who were denied certain mailing rights and privileges. The law also provided the security organs with the mantle to censor all forms of communication that was moving in and out of the country. After the bombing of the Pearl Harbor by the Japanese naval military, the supreme court of the United States upheld President Roosevelt executive order that led to the transfer of Japanese-Americans from the west coast, and this was in defense of the harbor bombing by the Japanese military. The patriot act: fulfilling the intended purpose The act has led to stifling of individual’s liberty, but in the face of all the terror acts and attempted terror on American soil, which issue is more fundamental, liberty or safety? The act has helped information sharing amongst different security organ s in the country, allowing greater cooperation and reducing bureaucracy. This information exchange has lead to laudable benefits in terms of operations of the different agencies tasked with collecting information and countering terrorism. This especially applied to the two federal security organs in the country, the FBI and the CIA, The act gave these two agencies more freedom and powers and in their collusion, they managed to set up strings of operations nabbing suspected terrorists and foiling their attempts and in addition, they have nabbed major money laundering rackets. Since the enactment, of the act there has not been any reported large-scale terror attack on the United States to the magnitude of the September 11 2001 attack. The critics of the Acts point towards how the Act has

Human Resources Management and Job Design Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Management and Job Design Essay This has been the problem with also several blue chip companies. Are there other issues which leads to commitment and loyalty to stay on in companies? The organizations could not afford to lose key individuals for some matters related to job dissatisfaction and discontentment. In such a scenario â€Å"Organizational Behavior† becomes a very essential tool in shaping employee morale. Job Design becomes all the more important and is an avenue that could lead to overall job contentment. It could be made more enriching and appealing to the employees by incorporating suitable Human Resource and Behavioral concepts. The objective of this paper is to identify some of the state of the art and tested techniques in Human Resources Management that could make the job more enriching and interesting to the employees. It aims at â€Å"Quality of Work Life† where the emphasis is given to issues like Quality, Time, Commitment, Work Culture and Social Responsibility. WE have to act to ‘Realize Our Needs’. Access to technology helps in marching forward but people have to be told to contribute to develop to their full potential, utilize resources improve relationships and acquire knowledge. Duplication of efforts to gain increased productivity, continuous quality improvement and progress could be avoided. Sharing the resources between nations can do this. Importance should be given to self-sufficiency and efficiency, stimulating original thinking resulting in effectives of the system. Introduction Emphasis of Industrial Engineering with respect to Human Resource Management and Job Design are Ergonomics, Human Factors, Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Operations Research and Management. Experimental work in the field of Biomechanics, Human factors, Computer Integrated Manufacture, Process Control, Graphics, and Computation methods are done. Ergonomics and Human Factors includes biomechanics, man-machine systems, prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders, other industrial hygiene issues, and ergonomics and human factors issues in a aviation, space systems and rehabilitation. Manufacturing Systems Engineering includes computer-integrated manufacturing; the planning, design, and control of manufacturing systems; Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing; and the application of robotics, vision systems, and artificial intelligence in manufacturing. Operations Research includes deterministic and stochastic optimization; multi-criteria decision making; expert systems and artificial neural networks; modeling and analysis of system reliability; Total Quality Management; and the modeling, management, and simulation of manufacturing and service systems. Objective Aim of Human Resource Management to increase the awareness of the real power, to direct, to make decisions, to develop ethical systems, to enhance the lives of self others and to understand that the systems should be made successful with active participation of all working partners. Process This can be achieved through the development of conceptual skills, entrepreneur skills, leadership skills, manageria l skills, technical skills and communicational skills. Focusing on effective leadership, efficient management process, productive motivation, economic manufacturing and service, required training requirement and of skills for excellence. By viewing the situation in the present perspective, by formulation of changing alternatives and by choosing the best change alternative. It can be dealt easily with each and every aspect of life with power, freedom and full self-expression. Areas of life are health, well-being, leisure, fun, relationships, career, family, plans for future, retirement, quality of life, living situation, home, religion, spirituality, finances, income, sex, self-confidence communication and enrollment. Ability to listen and be present, to take unreasonable actions, overcome fear of failure, and live an upset free life and think positively always with sense of joy fulfillment and with unimpeachable integrity. Awareness of the real power is being present to what is happening now and being able to deal with full energy commitment without any doubt or ambiguity in the mind in each and every aspect of our life. Organize To be organized keep things in the same place every time. Ask every one to do the same. Take them when required and place them back as soon as the work is over in the same order, plan in advance what all needs to be done; now, after 1hour, after 6 hours, after 10 hours, today, tomorrow, this week, next week, this month, next month, this year, next year, next five years and next ten years.

The social problem of domestic violence

The social problem of domestic violence Domestic violence is the biggest social problem facing America today. It is among the most devastating experiences that adversely affect women and children in the US. Children who witness or experience, DV may become future abusers or victims themselves if society doesnt get involved. The federal government needs to step in and assume responsibility in stemming the tide of domestic violence. Preventing abuse is more cost-effective than paying for the consequences of abuse. The widespread occurrence of such violence takes an immense toll on the lives of the victims in addition to most of society, because of numerous behavioral, health, psychological, and economic consequences. Why women bear domestic violence? Following are some justifications given by women to remain victim of domestic violence for the rest of the life: Helplessness A lot of women who are a victim of domestic violence are financially dependent on their abusers. There are numerous reasons for this; an abuser will often try to isolate the victim from anybody or anything that might offer support either emotionally or economically. This allows the abuser to have power over his victim, without interference from those who might give aid to the victim. This isolation causes the victim to become dependent on her abuser, and it insures that she will have nowhere to go. Even when a victim has the wish to escape the violence, the fundamental requirements of food, shelter, and clothing for her children usually surpass her need for security. To leave a domestic violence relationship, a woman needs a place to live, a source of income, childcare and transportation. Most victims are denied access to these things in a vicious relationship, leaving her escape resources insolvent. The trickiest issue a victim must beat in order to get away is her fear of her abusers threats to kill her. Alas, this fear is not always baseless. Abusive men often shoot up violence after a victim flees to security and time and again he brings back his victim and her children. Indeed, as many as 75% of visits to medical emergency rooms by battered women occur after they have separated from the aggressive partner. The Forms of Abuse Physical Abuse includes hitting, shoving, choking, biting, kicking, slapping, punching, pulling hair, burning, bruising, twisting, preventing access to an exit, or using a weapon to bully and/or intimidate. Emotional Abuse is the hardest for women to remain alive her self identify. Emotional abuse is the systematic degrading of the victims self-esteem. This may be accomplished by withholding of love, intimidation, mocking; cruelty to pets, using put-downs, giving the details of relationships, refusing to talk, showing jealousy, refusing to allow a partner to have/make friends, taking anger out on the children and pets, not allowing the victim financial access or convincing the victim that she (the victim) is crazy. Sexual Abuse can include forcing sex against a partners will, forbidding birth control, physically hurting partner during sex, oral abuse including humiliating sexual comments, forcing unwanted sexual practices on partner, hiding a sexually transmitted disease from partner, and forced sex with objects. Economic Abuse is accomplished by preventing the victim from working outside the home, not permitting the victim to make any economic decisions, having to justify all expenditure, baseless blaming for monetary troubles, withholding of financial information, and withholding access to finances. Characteristics of an Abuser *The majority of abusers are emotionally deprived. *Abusers want to feel in control; they use aggression as a means to control their partner. *Abusers are likely to behave normally toward other family members, friends and work acquaintances. *They are generally very unconfident and insecure. Overwhelming their victim gives them a sense of power. *Abusers are habitually very critical of their partner. *They can be exceedingly jealous. *Abusers often reject blame for their actions and can even deny that any abuse ever happened. *They reduce the abuse and blame their partners for their violent behavior. The Sequence Of Abuse 1. Tension Building Minor incidents occur and tension begins to build. The victim generally tries to control the situation by apologizing, making promises and accepting blame. The victim will generally seek to smooth things over and solve the problem in order to reduce the aggression. 2. Attack Tension rises until there is verbal abuse that will often lead to physical aggression. Victims often play down or reject the brutality of their injuries to pacify their perpetrators with the hope of preventing more violence. Pleading from the victim during this phase usually only serves to increase the violence. 3. Apologies and pardon The abuser acts sorry and seems confused by his actions; generally the abuser starts to cry. The abuser promises to never do it again. The victim focuses on how loving her abuser can be. In relationships that do not have the apology stage the victim is likely to leave their abuser sooner and is less likely to return to the relationship. Records show that there is a direct link between the apology stage and a victims willingness to stay in the relationship. Occurrence of Domestic Violence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Estimates range from 960,000 incidents of violence against a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend per year to three million women who are physically abused by their husband or boyfriend per year. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Nearly one-third of American women (31 percent) report being physically or sexually abused by a husband or boyfriend at some point in their lives, according to a 1998 Commonwealth Fund survey. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Thirty percent of Americans say they know a woman who has been physically abused by her husband or boyfriend in the past year. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intimate partner violence is primarily a crime against women. In 1999, women accounted for 85 percent of the victims of intimate partner violence (671,110 total) and men accounted for 15 percent of the victims (120,100 total). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The most rapid growth in domestic relations caseloads is occurring in domestic violence filings. Between 1993 and 1995, 18 of 32 states with three-year filing figures reported an increase of 20 percent or more. Conclusion It is clear from the facts collected that the solution to averting domestic violence is in education. It is particularly essential; to teach young people that violence is not an acceptable answer to any problem. We must bring domestic violence to the forefront of our society and not allow it to be a forbidden issue. We must definitely strengthen the value of each person in our society. To help those already involved in violent relationships there must be more spotlights on the self-worth issues of the victim. Once a victim has confidence she is more likely to leave a violent relationship. Economic programs must be prepared in a community in order to take away an abusers second biggest weapon- financial control. There is an enormous requirement for more safe-houses in America. Domestic Violence Shelters provide a safe shelter for women and children to escape the violence. Lastly we must teach our school children about domestic violence. They must be taught from an early age that violence is never allowable and give them the tools needed to identify domestic violence and how to get help if required. It is understandable from all information that violence itself cannot be the subject of mediation and that mediation is not a substitute for counseling, education, and legal sanctions. This led to the clearest guideline, that no criminal cases involving domestic violence should be referred to mediation. The violent act or acts must be dealt with through the actual court procedure in order to highlight the gravity of the act and the fact that domestic violence, where proved, is indeed against the law.

SHAYS’S REBELLION AND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION Essay -- Essays Papers

SHAYS’S REBELLION AND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION Introduction Although not widely known, Shays’s Rebellion greatly impacted the debate on sovereignty and led many to conclude that the only possible solution was the centralization of power in a national authority. Historian John Garraty notes, â€Å"The lessons became plain: Liberty must not become an excuse for license; and therefore greater authority must be vested in the central government.†[1] While this effect was not the â€Å"rebels’† intended goal, Shays’s Rebellion helped shape the construction of the U.S. Constitution and the American political thought that has since followed. An analysis of both the causes and effects of Shays’s Rebellion highlights its contribution to the demise of the Articles of Confederation and the ratification of the Constitution. What was Shays’s Rebellion? In the winter of 1786-1787, many farmers protesting the foreclosure of their farms took up arms and stormed county courthouses across Massachusetts. All over New England, there existed a growing frustration with the American postwar situation under the Articles of Confederation. Massachusetts farmers’ disconnection from the Boston government rendered the situation more volatile than anywhere else. â€Å"Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont instituted harsh laws to stem the growth of insurrection. But inland Massachusetts was so heavily agrarian that the rebellion gathered steam.†[2] Backcountry farmers banded together in mobs of up to one thousand men and marched to different cities, rioting in front of prominent shops and courthouses in order to make their frustrations heard. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a former officer in the Contine... ...94 [15] Szatmary 103 [16] Kenney [17] Marion L. Starkey, A Little Rebellion (New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1955), xiv. [18] Richards 67 [19] Richard D. Brown, â€Å"Shays’s Rebellion and Its Aftermath: A View from Springfield, Massachusetts, 1787,† The William and Mary Quarterly 40, no. 4 (1983), 598-615. [20] Harper’s Monthly Magazine 660 [21] Harper’s Monthly Magazine 661 [22] Starkey 235 [23] Houston Chronicle, â€Å"Side by side memorials tell both sides of 1787 Shays Rebellion,† 6 February, 1987, 8. [24] Kenney [25] Robert A. Feer, â€Å"Shays’s Rebellion and the Constitution: A Study in Causation,† The New England Quarterly 42, no. 3 (1969), 388-410. [26] Szatmary 123 [27] Houston Chronicle [28] Starkey 242 [29] Jackson [30] Jonathan Clark, â€Å"The tree of liberty refreshed,† The Times, 28 November 1996, 1.

Creating A Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Creating A Writing Technology In reading Tribble and Trubeks’ â€Å"Writing Materials† I learned that writing is a product of historical circumstances and cultural values as well as of individual invention.(2). The reading selections enabled me to realize just how much I and many others take modern technology for granted. In the book writing itself is defined as technology, which threw me off very early in this assignment. I’d previously only thought of technology as something that uses electricity or some type of battery. I do understand that writing has been in many ways perfected by technologies such as the typewriter and computer but writing itself as a technology still seems to be a bit beyond me. My lack of understanding did make this project a little difficult yet interesting but what was more difficult was the project itself. Trying to compose an idea for an invention was a very trying task, but after lots of thought and checklists, I was able to produce an idea that I thought feasible. I found it very easy to think of many different ideas at once and then go through them one by one checking off the things that were wrong or unnatural about them. One of the first ideas I explored was writing in mud. It was natural, I didn’t need many materials and it seemed easy enough. But I came to the conclusion that the text would be difficult to see, as well as understand and the mud would probably crumble into pieces. Another idea I explored was writing in the sand. There were many things wrong with this idea. First, whatever I kept the sand in would be unnatural. Also if the sand was moved, so was the text and lastly where in heck was I going to find sand in my apartment complex. Finally I found an idea that I thought just might work. I would write a message on the bark of a tree with leaves using that sap from the tree to make the leaves stick to the bark. It seemed easy enough, everything was natural but the only thing was that it probably wouldn’t last very long. This I figured would only be a minor obstacle because as with the invention of all new technologies there would be a few glitches.

Downtown Health Care Clinic Essay

Perpetual Mercy Hospital Perpetual Mercy is a successful, nonprofit hospital located in the southern periphery of a major western city. It is extremely financially stable, debt free and holds the highest occupancy rate in amongst all hospitals located in its metro location. Perpetual Mercy has become extremely dependent on older, inner city occupants that are covered by Medicaid. More business is becoming minor, short stayed visits which have begun to jeopardize the financial stability of the hospital. Other major threats that Perpetual Mercy faces are the demographic shifts in the community, in which northern suburban areas are becoming more heavily occupied, placing potential business farther away from the hospital. Downtown Healthcare Clinic In 1998 Perpetual Mercy Hospital’s Board of Trustee’s did a study to find out if it would be worthwhile to open a clinic up north in a new construction area downtown. The clinic would offer specific services like: Preventive health care Minor emergency care Referral for acute and chronic health care conditions Specialized employer services Primary health care services Basic x-ray and lab test The clinic would not only service the local community but also serve as a preferred provider organization (PPO), holding a contractual arrangement with employment groups located near the new clinics area. These services will allow the hospital to expand their referral base, increase referrals of privately insured patients and establish a liaison with the business community by addressing employees’ specific health care needs. A study of the service radius showed that the clinics services would cover a 5 block radius and approximately 11,663 office workers, with a projected population growth of 6% per year because of new area construction. After interviewing 400 office workers in the area, results showed that 50% of office workers in  the area would use the clinic if necessary and 40% would visit the clinic at least once in the first year. Due to the study results Perpetual Mercy Hospital’s Board of Trustee’s decided that it would be beneficial to open the clinic in 1999. The clinic would be open 260 days a year, Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00pm. The hospital projected to be self-supporting after the 3rd year of business. DHC’s First Year of Operations After the first year of operations DHC had met their expectations. They had made 105 referrals to Perpetual Mercy, produced $378,000 in revenue and had a net profit of $30,000. The top reasons for patient visits were: Personal illness exams 53% Workers compensation exam/treatment 25% Employment/ insurance physical exams 19% Emergency 3% 97% of visits in the year one were first time users with 113 visits by repeat patients. Most visits took place between October 1999 and March 2000. The average revenue per patient was $67.90 with expected increase of 8% per visitor beginning May 2000. Visits consisted of 60% women and 40% men.

Environmental regulation of oil and gas Essay

Demand and supply Introduction            The global oil and gas industry face an External Environment that is more dynamic, more challenging, and more diverse; less understood and has greater information symmetry. These Environmental factors include: Political, Economic, Technological, Legal, Environmental and social factors.            Political Environment: This involves the risk that political decisions and events that occur worldwide can affect the profitability and sustainability of the investment in the global oil and gas industry. Political decisions are very diverse thus they influence the oil and gas industry. For example, if there is political unrest in the major Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) there could be no smooth operations of the oil and gas industry, thus oil and gas companies tend to prefer countries with stable political systems and a history that can guarantee long-term Leases.            Economic Environment: The economic development directly influences; the policymakers, citizens managers and institutions. The Gross national income (GNI) generated by both the domestic and international production activities of national companies and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries do generally shape the global industry of oil and gas. The economical factors include; Inflation rate, Prevailing interest rates, unemployment level and the level of disposable income and income distribution.            Technological environment: These relate to the applications of new innovations such as Websites Internet as a business tool. Thus the oil and gas organizations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for them to succeed and surf the wave of change. Dubai as significant producer of oil and gas            Dubai is a major player in the world market and its role in international trade cannot be overemphasized since it contributes almost 10 percent in this trade. This country has repeatedly dominated the international market arena due to the following reasons, one it occupies a very strategic position in the middle of U.A.E coast and additionally it has one of the most efficient harbors in the world hence playing a crucial role in the transportation of goods between East and West markets. Also Dubai in the recent years has pursued to strengthen its strategic location by pursuing a free and balanced economic policy therefore gaining an international reputation which has not only seen the increase of Foreign direct investments (FDI) and also growth of service, commercial and industrial fields. Dubai is also endowed with natural resources like oil, gas just to name a few and also it has one of the best infrastructure in the world and therefore this resource and proper sy stems has seen the economy of Dubai take off in a way never witnessed before. The aim of this paper is to explore Dubai as a primary producer of oil and gas and its place in the international trade of oil and gas arena. References ASWATHAPPA, K. (2010). International business. New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill Education. GAO, Z. (1998). Environmental regulation of oil and gas. London [u.a.], Kluwer Law Internat.LAX, H. L. (1983). Political risk in the international oil and gas industry. Boston, International Human Resources Development Corp MACDONALD, D. (2007). Business and environmental politics in Canada. Peterborough, Ont. [u.a.], Broadview Press. NEELANKAVIL, J. P., & RAI, A. (2009). Basics of international business. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe Source document

Organization and Behavior Essay

1. Understand the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Structure 1.1. Compare and contrast three different organizational structures and cultures. The long term success and failure of every company depends on its structure – no matter how vague it may sound, structure of a company decides where the company will be in the near future. The three types of structures are: Functional structure – under this kind of structure, the company is divided into different groups, who are then assigned different tasks – like the accounts, the sales and admin, and the marketing departments. Divisional structure – this kind of structure is followed by companies with huge geographical area coverage. Each part of the area has a smaller division within the same umbrella group. Matrix structure – this is a combination of both the divisional and functional structures, and operates upon theories imported from these two structures. But, this structure is associated with ego clashes among the top positions, and power clashes. The different kinds of organizational cultures are as follows: Power culture: organizations following this kind of culture may be able to respond to crisis very quickly, but the problem is that the system is very centralized. This kind of culture relies heavily upon people rather than committees (Harris, 1994). Role culture – position is main criteria in the role culture. The organization is controlled by senior management at the top of the pyramid, and the system is also highly formalized. Task culture – this type of culture is practiced more often by organizations with a matrix structure. Main emphasis in this structure is given to completion of tasks. It strongly believes in the unified power of a team (Harris, 1994). 1.2. The relationship between an organization’s structure and culture There is a very strong relation between organizational structure and its culture, as only the perfect match of the two factors will lead to a good working environment in office. At TESCOS, as a store manger, it is  definitely a priority to look at the kind of attitude and behavior the employees are having, and how clean and suitable the culture is. If the structure of a company id hierarchical, with all the decisions being made at the top, the employees will have no or less freedom, and there will lack of autonomy at the lower level of the pyramid. On the other hand, if the power is divided between all the sections, the company culture will be lot more friendly, with the employees at all levels enjoying equal freedom (Parker, 2000). 1.3. Overview of four factors that can influence individual behavior at the Irish TESCOS Environment – more emphasis put on building a friendly and mutual environment in the workspace will ensure that team work and productivity of the company increases. Technology – the better the prevailing technology at the core of the company, the lesser the employees will have to work, and hence, better streamlined workflow and productivity can be ensured. Locus of control – employees who have an external locus of control will constantly criticize people, find faults, and also depend on others for their success. On the other hand, people with internal locus of control think that their own destiny is in their own hands. Customer Demand – though and external factor, but it is to be noted, that the more the demand, the more the sales, and greater the growth of the company (Parker, 2000). Task-2 2. Understand the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Structure 2.1. Compare three different leadership styles for three different business  organizations Leaders are different, and so are their leadership styles. Leaders are meant to motivate their team, and hence, leadership styles sculpt the outlook of the staffs. Here are the various leadership styles: Laissez Faire – in this kid of leadership style, the leaders allow a certain level of freedom is given to the staff, and trained directors are appointed to coordinate efficiently between the high level managers and the working staff (Antonakis et al, 2004). Autocratic style – under this style of leadership, the leaders keep an eye on the employees at all time, and face time is increased. There are a lot of arguments over this style of leadership, as there exists no or little freedom for the employees, and they sometimes find it extremely uncomfortable to work under these situations. But when practiced in a controlled manner, this style can be effective, especially under tight deadlines (Antonakis et al, 2004). Participative – This is a good balanced style, and a mix of both the autocratic and Laissez Faire styles. This gives a little bit of freedom to the employees, while the managers are still around supervising at all times. 2.2. How organizational theory underpins the practice of management for the Irish TESCOS In the Irish TESCOS scenario, organizational theory has a vital role to play. The authenticity and practicality of organizational theory has been questioned by many modern scholars, but the fact remains that these theories underpin and supports the stability of an organization. These theories, apart from helping the managers to find out the prevailing problems in the company, also help them to find the right method to deal with the problem, and ultimately solve it. There are a lot of these theories – they have been created in different  periods, with different economic and socio economic conditions – and the real art for managers’ lies in finding the best method out of these, and applying them in the present context. Some of these theories may seem to be obsolete these days in the age of ever changing technology, but it is to be understood that they form the base and foundation of companies across the world. 2.3. Evaluate four different approaches to management used by different organizations. The four different managerial approaches are as follows: Participative- Under this approach, the managers discusses and collaborates with his team managers about the decision making process. [pic] Bureaucratic- Bureaucratic is opposite to participative process, where the manager forces the team members to follow strict rules, and to obey a chain of commands (Tittemore, 2003). Autocratic – An autocratic manager is almost a ‘dictator’ who supervises his people at all steps and ensures job is done at the right time. Hands off approach- This is the friendliest approach of all, where the manager gives complete freedom to his men in all respects (Sapru, 2008). Task-3 3. Understand ways of using motivational theories in organizations 3.1. How different leadership styles impact employee motivation in periods of change Periods of change are often the periods when crisis happens. Hence, good leadership techniques are to be adopted by the leaders to protect the company from sudden jerks. Here are the most commonly practiced leadership  styles: Autocratic – managers following this style will never allow the team members to contribute towards the decision making process, and will try to establish huge confidence towards their own decisions. Democratic – totally opposite to autocratic style of leadership, when special attention is paid to what the team members think. The point of views of the employees is hence at least heard before making the final decision. Quiet – in this process of decision making highly trained employees are recruited by the manger, and then leaves day to day decision making to them, as he remains ‘quiet’. Transformational – as the name suggests, the manager practicing this method tries to encourage and motivate his team about the bright future of the company, and hence tries to extract more productive work from them (Robbins and Judge, 2008). 3.2. Identify the application of three different motivational theories within the workplace. Listed below are three different motivational theories: Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs – Maslow states that human needs can be graphically represented as a pyramid, and they move from the bottom to the top; as the needs at the bottom are satisfied, man focuses on the next need at the top. These needs range from love needs, social needs, to self actualization (Maccoby, 1998). Carrot Stick – this theory was coined by Bentham, and explains that human is motivated by either of the two forces – fear or incentives. Either he will work to fulfill his money, security and other material needs, or he will work due to pressure and fear. The motivation – hygiene theory – this theory was introduced by Herzberg in 1959, and stresses on the fact that employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction is caused by some ‘hygiene factors’ (Maccoby, 1998). 3.3. The usefulness of a motivation theory for managers at the TESCOS in Ireland. Companies like the TESCOS do rely on their employees for not only production, but also for proper distribution and even product quality control. But to get exceptional performances from them it is required for the managers to provide proper motivational incentives. Motivational theories can help the TESCOS managers to properly motivate their employees and provide them proper job roles for increased productivity. Organizational Management – organizations use motivational theories to promote favorable working conditions at the organizational and departmental levels. Rewards – The reward system takes a lot from the expectancy theory, and helps motivating the employees to work even harder, as they see their work being appreciated. Perception of the employees – in the equity theory, it ca be learnt that employees perceive the rewards given to them in exchange of the work that they need to do. When the perception and actual incentive matches, the employee gets motivated to perform better in the future (Robbins and Judge, 2008). Productivity – a lot of company incorporate goal setting as a fine tool to increase the productivity level of the employees. Task-4 4. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organizations 4.1. Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations. A group may be defined as a collection of individuals who have similar aims and are set to achieve the same goal. Groups are mainly of two types: Formal Groups – these groups are designed by companies, and each group is assigned different and specific tasks. Informal groups – these are groups formed by individuals themselves. Hence, they are not properly arranged, and not at all structured (Butler 1986). Groups are formed over a series of steps. They are: Forming – the initial stage of group formation. In this stage, the resources and other details required to form the group are procured. Storming – much like ‘brain storming’, in this stage, the individuals in each group challenge and try to find answers. Conflicts are common in this stage. Norming – in this stage, all conflicts are resolved, as the answers to the questions asked by the members are found. Performing – in this stage, coordination, and team work starts taking place between the different team members, and they start becoming a single unit. 4.2. Factors that may promote the development of effective teamwork in organizations The factors that can improve teamwork are: Good leadership – A good leader ca motivate his men in performing better and reaching greater heights. Hence, leadership is a factor that should never be underestimated. Leaders are adept in different theories and motivational methods, and the best leaders are those who can take spontaneous decisions (Parker, 2000).. Diversity – good teamwork develops as and when the members embrace diversity in terms of age, sex, religion and culture. Communication – if communication is strong among all the team members, everyone will be on the same page, and will also be equally informed. Great communication is the key to effective team building. Team Building Exercises – proper training is to provided for effective team building; and the training is to provided with the help of professionals who can indulge the team in proper drills and exercises. 4.3. Impact of technology on team functioning within TESCOS in Ireland. In the modern era, no organization can work without upgrading to the latest technological trends. Technology not only makes sure that the employees have to work less, but also ensures that the results are always accurate, and there is no repetition of jobs. While emails can help the employees to communicate with themselves and the third parties, devises like the Blackberry and Smart phones enable them to properly communicate. Teleconferencing allows the team to communicate over distances effectively without being physically present there. And of course, computers are, the more advanced, the better. Not only TISCOS, but every company these days understand of the important role that technology plays, and hence have started to upgrade to the latest technological updates. References Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. T. and Sternberg, R. J., 2004. The Nature of Leadership. New York: Sage Publications, Inc. Butler Jr., J.K., 1986. A global view of informal organization. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 3, 39-43. Harris, S. G., 1994. Organizational Culture and Individual Sensemaking: A Schema-Based Perspective. Organization Science, Vol. 5,(3): pp. 309–321. Maccoby, M., 1998. Why Work: Motivating and Leading the New Generation. New York: Simon & Schuster. Parker, M., 2000. Organizational Culture and Identity. London: Sage. Robbins, S. and Judge, T., 2008. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 9thEd, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sapru, R.K., 2008. Administrative Theories and Management Thought. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, p 276 Tittemore, J. A., 2003. Leadership at all Levels. Canada: Boskwa Publishing.

E-retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-retailing - Assignment Example In 1997, Auto-by-Tel successfully sold their millionth car over the internet. As well, CommerceNet/Nielsen Media stated that they have attained more than 10 million people on the Web. According to Jupiter research the e-tailing has raised to $37 billion by 2002. Moreover, the e-tailing has also allowed the growth of e-tailware, software tools for producing online catalogs as well as dealing with business associates by performing e-tailing. In this scenario, a new movement is the price assessment sites that are able to rapidly compare prices from a number of dissimilar e-tailers as well as establish a connection between you and them (Schappell, 2000). This report will present a detailed analysis of a company that is specialized in e-retailing of business. This report will present a comprehensive analysis of some of main areas and aspects of the business’s e-retailing enhancement and establishment of more effective strategy for the potential management of business in a much better way. For this report I have chosen Maplin Electronics business. In this scenario, the main idea is about developing an expanded internet shopping capability for Maplin Electronics company website. Business Overview I have selected Maplin Electronics Corporation, which needs to improve its web based business and also create a better opportunity for the possible expansion in overall business and working arrangements. Maplin Electronics is one of the UK’s major corporate retailers of consumer electronics. Maplin Electronics business comprises a complete national network of 185 stores those are the main goldmine of valuable consumer technologies and gadgets. Maplin Electronics offers a variety of products including communication, cables, computing, components, music, home & car, power, TV & Satellite systems also Sat Navigational tools (Maplin Electronics2, 2011). In addition, Maplin Electronics is specialized in consumer electronics areas. Maplin Electronics is proud to present the most excellent and the majority informed customer recommendations on the high street. Additionally, the business encompasses a huge team of over 2,000 customer service support officers that facilitate thousands o f customers to make informed selections regarding technology purchases each and every day; from technology fans to the entire novices. Moreover, this business was initiated by two technology devotees in 1972 who were irritated by the lack of high-quality electronics products and components. Soon after the establishment of the business the Maplin Electronics rapidly turned out to be the experts’ preference, with a standing for the most excellent product variety and skills. In fact, Maplin Electronics Corporation has developed with high speed since launching over 30 years ago, its standing as the United Kingdom’s simply true experts in consumer electronics is yet at the heart of Maplin Electronics nowadays (Maplin Electronics2, 2011). Furthermore, Maplin Electronics Corporation allows its customers to buy products from more than 185 stores located in United Kingdom and Ireland. Maplin Electronics also allows its custom

Credit Derivatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Credit Derivatives - Essay Example (Moorad Choudhry, 2004) Theoretically, credit derivatives make a new class of assets made to trade default risk on a range of maturity without a collateral constraint. However, the potential efficiency benefits of credit derivatives are being reduced by lack of liquidity globally, the repo market use in hedging and the lack of secondary markets. The pricing of these instruments is affected by factors such as the option to deliver the cheapest bond and liquidity. In addition, emanating from lack of arbitrage, the rate of repo and bond over libor spread can be utilizedd to price the default swap. (Romain G Ranciere, 2002) In relatively short time, the credit derivative markets have grown, becoming a key component of capital markets and embracing a wide range of participants. They form an important part of the corporate bond market used for hedging and speculative purposes. Credit derivatives are ‘over the counter’ (OTC) instruments and therefore, very flexible; they can be specifically made to suit individual needs and can be used for a wide range of applications. These OTC instruments have a number of advantages such as their ability to be tailor made to suit specific requirements, their ability to isolate the underlying loan or bond from certain aspects of credit risk and their ability to be used by the banks in business restructuring as they allow these banks to parcel out credit risk while retrieving assets on the balance sheet. The three most common credit derivative instruments are credit default swaps, total return swaps, and credit-linked notes. The credit derivatives market share in the corporate sector is estimated at 80 percent and is essentially made up of high yield fixed income market in developed economies. Ironically, the credit derivatives upon upcoming sovereign bonds form the remaining 20 percent. (Moorad choudhry, 2004) BRIEF HISTORY OF CREDIT DERIVATIVES. Although since 1975 credit instruments were operating, it is in the year 19 96 that credit derivative markets really started. This came from financial institutions’ held concern about credit risk exposure regarding them. At that moment, the credit derivatives markets started being viewed as a compliment to the loan securitization markets. Quickly, the credit derivatives’ markets developed solely and simply became an important place to hedge as well as take credit risks on sovereign and corporate debts alike. During the crisis in Asia, from july of 1997, the emerging credit markets made a break in forward surge. The markets were slowed down by the absence of standardized documentation until 1999, when the International Swap and Derivatives Association (SDA) credit derivatives definitions were published, though. In year 1998, during which year the Russian nation bond defaults started. Credit derivatives markets were again triggered although some legal documentation problems were highlighted. However, the 1999 ISDA definitions reduced the causes of legal disputes. It is during that period of time that the year 1999 Ecuador-quasi voluntary bond exchange was put under recognition as a credit event. It is also at some time later that the investment markets agreed that the 2000 Argentina debt swap did not constitute a credit event. The Argentina turmoil of 2001

E-Law, Jurisdictions, Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Law, Jurisdictions, Contracts - Essay Example While the question of an infringing trademark may be easily established in this case since the logos so closely resemble each other, it is a more difficult matter to establish the jurisdiction of Australian courts to deal with the legal issues of an infringing trademark. While specific jurisdiction may not apply in this case, it is possible that general jurisdiction may apply if Atherton’s products are accessible to customers in Australia, either online, through mail order or any other means of access. Any contract of purchase that is entered into by an Australian customer will entitle the case to be valid within Australian jurisdiction. Cyberspace has been defined as â€Å"the total interconnectedness of human beings through computers and telecommunication without regard to Physical geography.† (Gibson 1984) and â€Å"crime has ceased to be largely local in origin and effect† (Liangsiriprasert v United States). Crimes could be multifaceted and multinational, raising issues of local jurisdiction. In the case of DPP v Sutcliffe, the stalking victim and the effect of the accused’s actions occurred in Canada, but Australian Courts had necessary jurisdiction in the matter, due to exercise of personal jurisdiction based on conduct. This case demonstrates that in the case of serious crimes, the validity of local jurisdiction may be automatically established. Personal jurisdiction may also be exercised in cases that do not offend â€Å"traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice† (International Shoe v. Washington). However, this may not apply in Constance Anny’s case since th e matter concerns a potential business infringement of a trademark. Jurisdiction was a limiting factor in Macquarie Bank Limited & Anor v Berg, because the defendant was not in Australia and had not agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of New South Wales. The US website of the defendant contained derogatory material about the Plaintiff Company, therefore the Plaintiff sought to